Lines drawn on the globe from the north to the south pole are called meridians of longitude. The latitude of New York is just over 41°N, which puts it in the “mid latitudes”. Places near the equator are in “low latitudes”, near the poles are “high latitudes”. The latitude of any place on the globe is its distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees, from 0° at the equator to 90°N at the north pole and 90°S at the south pole. More circles are drawn, parallel to the equator, called parallels of latitude. On a globe of the world, a circle is drawn, midway between the north and south poles, called the equator. You need to know a few things before you can understand how this problem has been tackled, so here goes! The trouble is, nobody can make a perfect chart because the earth is a large ball and charts are drawn on paper, which is flat. Sailors need accurate charts to find their way around the seas.
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